Why Are Fireproofing Steel Beams for Buildings Important?
Posted on 2nd October 2024
Steel is renowned for its strength and durability, making it a popular choice for building frameworks. However, its performance in high temperatures can be problematic. When exposed to fire, steel weakens, potentially leading to structural collapse. This makes fireproofing steel beams essential in modern construction to ensure safety and compliance with building regulations.
So, what else is there to think about regarding fire protection of structural steel?
How Important Are Steel Fireproofing Inspections for Regulatory Compliance?
Fireproofing steel beams isn’t just a safety measure; it’s also a legal requirement. Approved Document B, British Standard 9999 and BS 7974 ensure your steel beams are fire-safe.
Building regulations dictate fire resistance periods for structural steel, often requiring protection that can last from 30 to 240 minutes.
Additionally, regular inspections of fireproof coatings, including intumescent paint, are vital for compliance with safety standards. Inspections should be carried out every one to two years to identify any potential issues early. If coatings are compromised, we can suggest repairs or upgrades.
The Dangers of Fire on Steel Structures:
There are many dangers of unsafe steel structures that boil down to two things:
Building Deformation or Collapse:
While steel is non-combustible, it loses strength at temperatures above 550°C, which can cause it to fail within minutes. Additionally, steel may bend, twist or buckle under extreme heat, leading to permanent deformation.
If you have had a fire, a post-fire assessment, through visual examination, can suggest the heat range experienced, cause and can identify necessary repairs..
Occupant Injury or Fatality:
Fireproofing steel beams is also key for protecting building occupants. By slowing the spread of fire, it provides vital time for evacuation, reducing the risk of injury or fatalities. If this does unfortunately occur, you could face legal action, be it prosecution or a fine.
What Are the Two Types of Fire Protection of Structural Steel?
There are two steel fireproofing methods: passive and active fire protection. Combining both active and passive measures offers the best protection for buildings.
Passive Fire Protection:
Passive fire protection includes fire-resistant coatings, such as intumescent paint, that form part of the building’s fabric.
Active Fire Protection:
Systems including sprinklers and alarms fall under this category, working to actively control the spread of fire and alert occupants.
What Are the Types of Fireproofing Steel Beams?
Fireproofing steel beams should be part of a broader fire protection strategy. While intumescent coatings are brilliant against fire, combining them with fire doors, fire walls and sprinkler systems can significantly reduce damage.
Intumescent Coatings:
The most effective steel fireproofing is intumescent coatings. These coatings chemically change when exposed to high temperatures, expanding into a thick, charred layer that insulates the steel. In addition, intumescent coatings offer fire resistance from 30 to 240 minutes, depending on the application and thickness.
Cementitious Coatings:
A cement-based material that is non-combustible and offers durable fire resistance for steel structures, commonly applied as a spray. They also provide industrial-grade fire protection, ideal for large-scale projects requiring long-lasting fire resistance.
Fire-Resistant Boards:
These non-combustible boards protect steel from fire damage. They are installed using fasteners or adhesives and come in a variety of thicknesses. Whereas, rigid boards are moisture-resistant and installed around steel beams and decks, particularly in environments prone to moisture.
Brick:
Made from non-combustible clay, brick withstands high temperatures without losing structural integrity.
Concrete:
Known for its low thermal conductivity, concrete acts as a natural fire barrier, preventing the spread of heat and flames.
Fire-Resistant Glass:
Specialist glass designed to slow the spread of flames and smoke, typically single, double or triple glazing.
Gypsum:
A fire-resistant material often used in the internal layers of buildings, helping maintain fire protection in structural elements.
Mineral Wool:
A non-combustible material used as a fire barrier, mineral wool is commonly applied to slow the spread of fire through buildings.
Spray Fireproofing:
Lightweight materials, such as vermiculite or fibre-reinforced cement are sprayed onto steel beams to form a protective barrier against fire.
Undertake Fireproofing Steel Beams with GRJ Surveying
Fireproofing steel beams is an indispensable part of modern building safety. By applying and maintaining intumescent coatings and ensuring regular inspections, you can protect both lives and property.
GRJ Surveying specialises in inspecting these coatings for wear, damage or insufficient coverage. We ensure long-term safety and compliance with legal standards. Contact us today if you require a fireproofing steel beams inspection.
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